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<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">In addition to WCS, DE Africa data are available via <strong>Direct Access</strong>. Most products (Landsat, Sentinel, services) are stored as <strong>Cloud Optimized </strong></span><strong><span class="cf0">GeoTIFFs</span></strong><span class="cf0"><strong> (COGs)</strong> in public AWS S3 buckets (e.g., </span><span class="cf0" style="color: #339966;">deafrica-landsat</span><span class="cf0">, </span><span style="color: #339966; font-family: monospace, serif;">deafrica-sentinel-2</span><span class="cf0" style="font-size: 1em;">, </span><span class="cf0" style="color: #339966;">deafrica</span><span class="cf0" style="font-size: 1em;"><span style="color: #339966;">-services</span>). You can:</span></p>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="cf0">List & download files with the <strong>AWS CLI</strong> (no credentials needed), or</span></li>
<li><span class="cf0">Read files directly via <strong>HTTPS</strong> links (QGIS/GDAL can open them), or</span></li>
<li><span class="cf0">Discover items via the <strong>STAC</strong> API, then grab the file URLs.</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0"><strong>Why COGs?</strong> They support HTTP range requests so clients read only <strong>the chunks needed</strong> (faster, lighter).</span></p>
<p><strong>Region:</strong> All DE Africa buckets are in <code><span style="color: #339966;">af-south-1</span></code> <strong>(Cape Town)</strong>.</p>
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<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">You only need <strong>AWS CLI</strong> (for listing/downloading) and GDAL (optional, for clipping/converting). QGIS uses <strong>GDAL</strong> under the hood.</span></p>
<h5 class="pf0"><span class="cf0">Windows</span></h5>
<ul>
<li><span class="cf0"><strong>AWS CLI v2:</strong> Download the MSI from AWS (search “AWS CLI v2 Windows installer”), run it, then restart your terminal.</span></li>
<li><span class="cf0"><strong>GDAL:</strong> The easiest path is installing <strong>QGIS</strong>; GDAL comes bundled. Or use OSGeo4W installer and select </span><em>gdal</em><span class="cf0">.<br /><br /></span></li>
</ul>
<h5 class="pf0"><span class="cf0">macOS</span></h5>
<ul>
<li><span class="cf0">Using Homebrew:</span></li>
</ul>
<p class="pf0"><span style="color: #313131; font-family: 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">___________________________________________________________</span></p>
<p class="pf0"><code>brew install awscli gdal</code><br />___________________________________________________________</p>
<ul>
<li><span class="cf0">If you don’t use Homebrew, install QGIS (includes GDAL) and the AWS CLI pkg from AWS.</span></li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<h5><span class="cf0">Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)</span></h5>
<p>_____________________________________________________</p>
<p><code>sudo apt update</code><br /><code>sudo apt install -y awscli gdal-bin</code></p>
<p>_____________________________________________________</p>
<p class="pf0"><strong><span class="cf0">Check installs</span></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><code style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #339966;">aws --version</span></code></li>
<li><code style="background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #339966;">gdalinfo --version</span></code></li>
</ul>
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<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">We’ll list a bucket and copy a file locally with<strong> no sign-in</strong>.</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">1.<strong> List a bucket</strong> (example: services bucket)</p>
<p>_____________________________________________________________</p>
<p><code>aws s3 ls s3://deafrica-services/ --region af-south-1 --no-sign-request</code><br />_____________________________________________________________</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">2.<strong> </strong><span class="cf0" style="font-size: 1em;"><strong>Drill down</strong> to find a file key (repeat </span><code><span class="cf0" style="font-size: 1em; color: #339966;">aws</span></code><span class="cf0" style="font-size: 1em;"><code><span style="color: #339966;"> s3 ls</span></code> into subfolders you see).</span></p>
<p class="pf0" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="cf0">3. <strong>Copy a file locally</strong> (replace with your bucket/key):<br /></span></p>
<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">_____________________________________________________________</span></p>
<p class="pf0"><code><span class="cf0">aws s3 cp s3://deafrica-landsat/path/to/file.tif ./ \<br /> --region af-south-1 --no-sign-request</span></code></p>
<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">____________________________________________________________</span></p>
<p class="pf0"><strong><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1c1c1c; font-family: Inter, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;">🔧 </span>Troubleshooting:</strong></p>
<p>If you get region/endpoint issues with some tools, set the endpoint at runtime:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Linux/macOS (bash/zsh):</strong></li>
<ul>
<li><span class="cf0" style="color: #339966;">export AWS_S3_ENDPOINT=s3.af-south-1.amazonaws.com</span></li>
</ul>
<li><strong>Windows (PowerShell, current session):</strong></li>
<ul>
<li><code><span class="cf0" style="color: #339966;">$env:AWS_S3_ENDPOINT = "s3.af-south-1.amazonaws.com"</span></code></li>
</ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em;">No AWS account is needed: </span></li>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size: 1em;"><strong>always include</strong> <code><span style="color: #339966;">--no-sign-request</span></code>.</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p></p>
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<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">Every S3 object is reachable via HTTPS:</span></p>
<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0"><strong>Pattern</strong><br /><span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;">_____________________________________________________________</span></span></p>
<p class="pf0"><b style="font-weight: normal;" id="docs-internal-guid-262cdfc8-7fff-d622-734c-2c877dc1239b"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #188038; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://<bucket>.s3.af-south-1.amazonaws.com/<key></span></b></p>
<p class="pf0">_____________________________________________________________</p>
<h5 class="pf0"><span class="cf0"> </span></h5>
<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0"><strong>Example</strong><br /></span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;">_____________________________________________________________</span></p>
<h5 class="pf0"><b style="font-weight: normal;" id="docs-internal-guid-390b18e8-7fff-2263-ef92-975547bc9fb1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #188038; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://deafrica-landsat.s3.af-south-1.amazonaws.com/ls8_sr/2020/01/LC08_SR_EXAMPLE_B04.tif</span></b><br /><span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;">_____________________________________________________________</span></h5>
<h5 class="pf0"><span class="cf0"> </span></h5>
<p class="pf0"><strong><span class="cf0">Quick check (optional)</span><br /></strong></p>
<h5 class="pf0"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;">_____________________________________________________________</span></h5>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;" id="docs-internal-guid-0151bc7a-7fff-7e25-4ccd-b2eb408786ab"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">curl</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-I</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://<bucket>.s3.af-south-1.amazonaws.com/<key></span></b></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: 400;">_____________________________________________________________</span></p>
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<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">You can stream a COG over HTTPS</span><span class="cf1">—no download required.</span></p>
<ol>
<li><strong><span class="cf1">QGIS </span><span class="cf2">➜</span><span class="cf0"> Layer </span><span class="cf2">➜</span><span class="cf0"> Add Layer </span><span class="cf2">➜</span><span class="cf0"> Add Raster Layer</span></strong></li>
<li>In the file/path box, <strong>paste the HTTPS URL</strong> of the COG (from step C) and click Add.</li>
<li><span class="cf0">Style as needed (<strong>Layer Properties </strong></span><strong>➜</strong><span class="cf0"><strong> Symbology</strong>).</span></li>
</ol>
<p></p>
<p class="pf0"><span class="cf3">💡</span><em><span class="cf0"><strong> Tip</strong>: If it doesn’t render, check your internet, layer CRS, and that the URL is correct. COGs can be large</span><span class="cf1">—give QGIS a moment.</span></em></p>
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<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">If you want to subset an HTTPS COG to a smaller area, use </span><span class="cf0">gdal_translate</span><span class="cf0">.</span></p>
<p class="pf0" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="cf0">1. <strong>Clip by bounding box</strong> (in source CRS; example WGS84 </span><span class="cf0">lat</span><span class="cf0">/</span><span class="cf0">lon</span><span class="cf0">):</span></p>
<p class="pf0">_____________________________________________________________</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">gdal_translate</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">\</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-projwin</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><minX></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><maxY></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><maxX></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><minY></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">\</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">/vsicurl/https://<bucket>.s3.af-south-1.amazonaws.com/<key></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">\</span></p>
<p class="pf0"><b style="font-weight: normal;" id="docs-internal-guid-f9e998a5-7fff-a957-241d-cf5cb2a6d337"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">clipped.tif</span></b><span id="docs-internal-guid-3d1360fd-7fff-2928-648b-feee395f8bce"><span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono', monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;"><br /></span></span>_____________________________________________________________</p>
<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">Replace <code><span style="color: #339966;"><</span></code></span><code><span style="color: #339966;"><span class="cf0">minX</span><span class="cf0">> <</span><span class="cf0">maxY</span><span class="cf0">> <</span><span class="cf0">maxX</span><span class="cf0">> <</span><span class="cf0">minY</span></span></code><span class="cf0"><code><span style="color: #339966;">></span></code> with your AOI (e.g., <code><span style="color: #339966;">33.5 -12.1 34.2 -12.8</span></code>).</span></p>
<p class="pf0" style="padding-left: 30px;"><span class="cf0">2. <strong>Reproject while clipping</strong> (destination EPSG:3857 for web maps):</span></p>
<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">_____________________________________________________________<br /></span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">gdalwarp</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">\</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-t_srs</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EPSG:</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #c5221f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3857</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-te</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><minX></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><minY></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><maxX></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><maxY></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-te_srs</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">EPSG:</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #c5221f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3857</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">\</span></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">/vsicurl/https://<bucket>.s3.af-south-1.amazonaws.com/<key></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">\</span></p>
<p><b style="font-weight: normal;" id="docs-internal-guid-dee7a934-7fff-ddc4-a739-bb46c236bb44"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">clipped_3857.tif</span></b></p>
<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">_____________________________________________________________</span></p>
<p class="pf0"><strong>Note:</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><span class="cf0"><span id="docs-internal-guid-3cf77865-7fff-72db-ab1e-c150b142ec4a"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono', monospace; color: #188038; background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-emoji: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;">/vsicurl/https://…</span></span> lets GDAL stream via HTTP range requests (COG-friendly).</span></li>
<li><span class="cf0">Use </span><code><span class="cf0" style="color: #339966;">gdalinfo</span></code><span class="cf0"><code><span style="color: #339966;"> /vsicurl/https://…</span></code> to inspect bands/metadata before clipping.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-5" data-id="block-v1:digitalearthafrica+DEA101+2021+type@html+block@259a1448faef4ddb8cebb02e7f24dd97">
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<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
{"xmodule-type": "HTMLModule"}
</script>
<p class="pf0" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="cf0">If you <strong>don’t</strong> know the exact file path:</span></p>
<blockquote><ol>
<li><span class="cf0">Open <strong>DE Africa STAC</strong> (<code><span style="color: #339966;">https://explorer.digitalearth.africa/stac/</span></code>) in your browser.</span></li>
<li><span class="cf0">Filter by <strong>collection/product</strong>, <strong>time range</strong>, and <strong>AOI</strong>.</span></li>
<li><span class="cf0">Open an item and copy the <strong>asset’s HTTPS URL</strong> (e.g., a COG link).</span></li>
<li>Use that URL in <strong>QGIS</strong> or <strong>GDAL</strong>.</li>
</ol></blockquote>
<p class="pf0"><span class="cf1">💡</span><em><span class="cf0"><strong> Tip</strong>: STAC gives you the most <strong>precise</strong> links to the exact scenes/products you need</span><span class="cf2">—no guesswork in bucket trees.</span></em></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="vert vert-6" data-id="block-v1:digitalearthafrica+DEA101+2021+type@html+block@e92e1fb7dcb347c785224d09b7eafbb0">
<div class="xblock xblock-public_view xblock-public_view-html xmodule_display xmodule_HtmlBlock" data-course-id="course-v1:digitalearthafrica+DEA101+2021" data-init="XBlockToXModuleShim" data-runtime-class="LmsRuntime" data-runtime-version="1" data-block-type="html" data-usage-id="block-v1:digitalearthafrica+DEA101+2021+type@html+block@e92e1fb7dcb347c785224d09b7eafbb0" data-request-token="2a83fc5e4cfd11f1b4d66b8c55c4de7e" data-graded="False" data-has-score="False">
<script type="json/xblock-args" class="xblock-json-init-args">
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<ul>
<li><strong>List bucket</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><b>___________________________________________________________________</b><b></b></p>
<p><b style="font-weight: normal;" id="docs-internal-guid-dbed54e3-7fff-1678-ef1c-b577fd0fbceb"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">aws</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">s3</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ls</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">s3://deafrica-landsat/</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">--region</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">af-south-1</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">--no-sign-request</span></b><br /><b>___________________________________________________________________<br /><br /></b></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Copy file</strong></li>
</ul>
<p><b>___________________________________________________________________<br /></b></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">aws</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">s3</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cp</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">s3://deafrica-sentinel-2/<key>.tif</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">./</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">\</span></p>
<p><b style="font-weight: normal;" id="docs-internal-guid-2c41c6da-7fff-6aaa-e826-5e3125d41abb"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">--region</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">af-south-1</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">--no-sign-request</span></b><br /><b>___________________________________________________________________<br /><br /></b></p>
<ul>
<li><b>HTTPS Patterns</b></li>
</ul>
<p style="font-size: 16px;"><b>___________________________________________________________________<br /></b></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><b style="font-weight: normal;" id="docs-internal-guid-06346935-7fff-3232-acc2-66f89edd745a"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #188038; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">https://<bucket>.s3.af-south-1.amazonaws.com/<key></span></b><br /><b>___________________________________________________________________</b></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Clip with GDAL<br /></strong></li>
</ul>
<p style="font-size: 16px;"><b>___________________________________________________________________</b></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">gdal_translate</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">-projwin</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><minX></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><maxY></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><maxX></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><minY></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">\</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px;"><b style="font-weight: normal;" id="docs-internal-guid-64ce311e-7fff-690a-75bb-8b683d8240f1"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">/vsicurl/https://<bucket>.s3.af-south-1.amazonaws.com/<key></span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #1c1c1c; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Roboto Mono',monospace; color: #37474f; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">out.tif</span></b></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px;"><b>___________________________________________________________________</b></p>
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<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0">You just learned three fast ways to get DE Africa data <strong>without</strong> the Sandbox:</span></p>
<ul>
<ul>
<li><span class="cf0"><strong>AWS CLI</strong> to list/copy public COGs,</span></li>
<li><span class="cf0"><strong>HTTPS </strong>URLs to stream files into <strong>QGIS/GDAL</strong>, and</span></li>
<li><span class="cf0"><strong>STAC</strong> to discover exactly the scenes you need.</span></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<p class="pf0"><span class="cf0"><strong>Takeaway</strong>: Start with <strong>STAC</strong> to find the right asset, then choose <strong>HTTPS into QGIS</strong> for a quick look, or <strong>GDAL</strong> to clip/reproject before you download. Keep your downloads small, targeted, and analysis-ready.</span></p>
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