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<p style="text-align: left;">La première leçon de la session Les Bases de Python porte sur l’exécution de commandes Python de base dans un Notebook Jupyter. Nous utiliserons un notebook préparé pour le tutoriel afin de vous guider à travers les étapes.</p>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 24px; color: #336699; text-align: left;">Conditions préalables à la mise en place</h2>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">Les didacticiels interactifs sur les bases de Python utilisent la plateforme Digital Earth Africa Sandbox. Cela nécessite un compte Digital Earth Africa Sandbox.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">Pour mettre en place votre Sandbox, veuillez compléter toutes les sections de <a class="reference internal" href="/courses/course-v1:digitalearthafrica+DEA101-fr+2021/jump_to_id/da4757acf9a14381a7a7f3523023a42e" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #2980b9; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;" target="[object Object]">Session 1: Introduction</a> avant de commencer ce module Python basics.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">Ensuite, suivez les instructions ci-dessous pour télécharger le tutoriel et l’ouvrir dans le Sandbox.</p>
<h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 24px; color: #336699; text-align: left;">Télécharger le notebook</h2>
<p style="text-align: left;"><a class="reference external" href="/assets/courseware/v1/7769942de8f765acb19dcc1703746e0c/asset-v1:digitalearthafrica+DEA101-fr+2021+type@asset+block/01_download-jupyter.ipynb" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #3091d1; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; outline: 0px;" target="[object Object]">Télécharger le notebook du tutoriel Python basics 1</a></p>
<div class="admonition note" style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 12px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; background: #e7f2fa; color: #000000; text-align: left;">
<p class="admonition-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1; margin: -12px -12px 12px; font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #ffffff; background: #6ab0de; padding: 6px 12px; text-align: left;">Note</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><span color="#000000" style="color: #000000;">Assurez-vous que vous avez créé un dossier <strong>Training</strong> dans le Sandbox comme indiqué dans <a href="/courses/course-v1:digitalearthafrica+DEA101-fr+2021/jump_to_id/2f902adbb86247d3977d28cd6c7a29fb" target="[object Object]">Session 1 : Exécuter un Notebook</a>.</span></span></p>
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<p>Une fois que vous avez créé un dossier <strong>Training</strong>, suivez ces instructions :</p>
<ol class="arabic simple" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 24px; color: #000000; text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: decimal; margin-left: 24px;">
<p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; font-size: 16px;">Téléchargez le notebook en cliquant sur le lien ci-dessus.</p>
</li>
<li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: decimal; margin-left: 24px;">
<p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; font-size: 16px;">Dans le Sandbox, ouvrez le dossier <strong>Training</strong>.</p>
</li>
<li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: decimal; margin-left: 24px;">
<p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; font-size: 16px;">Cliquez sur le bouton Transférer les fichiers comme indiqué ci-dessous.</p>
</li>
</ol>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; font-size: 16px; color: #000000; text-align: left;"><img alt="Upload button." class="no-scaled-link" src="https://learn.digitalearthafrica.org/asset-v1:digitalearthafrica+DEA101+2021+type@asset+block@05_solution_uploadbutton.png" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 400px;" /></p>
<ol class="arabic simple" start="4" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 24px; color: #000000; text-align: left;">
<li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: decimal; margin-left: 24px;">
<p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; font-size: 16px;">Sélectionnez le notebook téléchargé à l’aide du navigateur de fichiers. Cliquez sur OK.</p>
</li>
<li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; list-style: decimal; margin-left: 24px;">
<p style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; font-size: 16px;"><span color="#000000" style="color: #000000;">Le cahier de solutions apparaîtra dans le dossier <strong>Training</strong>. Double-cliquez dessus pour l’ouvrir.</span></p>
</li>
</ol>
<p><span color="#000000" style="color: #000000;"> Vous pouvez maintenant utiliser le notebook comme une version interactive de cette page Web.</span></p>
<div class="admonition note" style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 12px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 24px; background: #e7f2fa; color: #000000; text-align: left;">
<p class="admonition-title" style="text-align: left; margin: -12px -12px 12px; font-size: inherit; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: normal; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background: #6ab0de; padding: 6px 12px;">Note</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px; font-size: 16px; text-align: left;">Le notebook devrait ressembler au texte et au code ci-dessous. Cependant, les sorties du notebook sont vides (c’est-à-dire qu’aucun résultat n’apparaît après les cellules de code). Suivez les instructions du cahier pour exécuter les cellules du cahier d’exercices. </p>
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<p>Tout d’abord, nous allons revoir les commandes Python présentées dans la session 1. Cette leçon fournit plus d’exemples et des détails supplémentaires aux explications.</p>
<p>Un carnet Jupyter est un environnement interactif dans lequel vous pouvez combiner du texte avec du code Python que vous pouvez modifier et exécuter. La cellule grise ci-dessous contient du code Python que vous pouvez exécuter. Placez le curseur sur l’icône <strong>Exécuter</strong> |►| dans le menu en haut du notebook pour exécuter le code à l’intérieur.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #000000;">Tip:</strong><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span color="#000000" style="color: #000000;">Utilisez le raccourci <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 12px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Maj + Entrée</span></code> pour exécuter la cellule active (où se trouve votre curseur). C’est une astuce pratique qui vous évite d’avoir à cliquer sur l’icône <strong>Exécuter</strong> à chaque fois.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Sélectionnez et exécutez la cellule de code gris ci-dessous.</p>
<div class="nbinput nblast docutils container" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; margin: 0px 0px 19px; width: 696.469px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left;">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; width: 4.5ex; padding-top: 5px; position: relative; user-select: none;">
<div class="highlight" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: none; border: none; overflow-x: auto; margin: 0px 0.3ex 0px 0px; padding: 0px; box-shadow: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border: none; box-shadow: none; background: none; color: #307fc1;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-shadow: none; background: none;"></span>[1]:
</pre>
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<div class="input_area highlight-ipython3 notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; flex: 1 1 0%; overflow: auto; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-radius: 2px;">
<div class="highlight" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: #f8f8f8; border: none; overflow: auto hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-shadow: none; text-align: left;">
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 5px; overflow: auto; border: none; box-shadow: none;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="nb" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008000;">print</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(</span><span class="s2" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #ba2121;">"Welcome to the Digital Earth Africa Sandbox!"</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">)</span>
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: left;">Vous verrez qu’une fois le code exécuté, toute sortie générée par votre code s’affichera juste en dessous de la cellule.</p>
<div class="nbinput nblast docutils container" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; margin: 0px 0px 19px; width: 696.469px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left;">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; width: 4.5ex; padding-top: 5px; position: relative; user-select: none;">
<div class="highlight" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: none; border: none; overflow-x: auto; margin: 0px 0.3ex 0px 0px; padding: 0px; box-shadow: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; text-align: left;">
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border: none; box-shadow: none; background: none; color: #307fc1;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-shadow: none; background: none;"></span>[2]:
</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="input_area highlight-ipython3 notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; flex: 1 1 0%; overflow: auto; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-radius: 2px;">
<div class="highlight" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: #f8f8f8; border: none; overflow: auto hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-shadow: none; text-align: left;">
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 5px; overflow: auto; border: none; box-shadow: none;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="nb" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008000;">print</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(</span><span class="s2" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #ba2121;">"3,2,1"</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">)</span>
<span class="c1" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #408080; font-style: italic;"># Use the hash symbol to comment lines of your code. This does not get executed.</span>
<span class="c1" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #408080; font-style: italic;"># Use comments to make notes about what your code is doing.</span>
<span class="nb" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008000;">print</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(</span><span class="s2" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #ba2121;">"this is fun!"</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">)</span>
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: left;">Nous pouvons faire des calculs mathématiques en utilisant Python. Ci-dessous, nous avons effectué la somme à une variable. Nous avons choisi de nommer cette variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 12px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">result</span></code>, « résultat ».</p>
<div class="nbinput nblast docutils container" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; align-items: flex-start; margin: 0px 0px 19px; width: 696.469px; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: left;">
<div class="prompt highlight-none notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; width: 4.5ex; padding-top: 5px; position: relative; user-select: none; text-align: left;">
<div class="highlight" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: none; border: none; overflow-x: auto; margin: 0px 0.3ex 0px 0px; padding: 0px; box-shadow: none; position: absolute; right: 0px;">
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border: none; box-shadow: none; background: none; color: #307fc1;"><span></span>[3]:
</pre>
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<div class="input_area highlight-ipython3 notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; flex: 1 1 0%; overflow: auto; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-radius: 2px;">
<div class="highlight" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: #f8f8f8; border: none; overflow: auto hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-shadow: none; text-align: left;">
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 5px; overflow: auto; border: none; box-shadow: none;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="c1" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #408080; font-style: italic;"># Set this sum as a variable called result</span>
<span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">result</span> <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">999</span> <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">+</span> <span class="mi" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">1</span>
<span class="c1" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #408080; font-style: italic;"># The output of result is displayed once the computation is completed</span>
<span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">result</span>
</pre>
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<p style="text-align: left;">Le symbole <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[</span> <span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">]:</span></code> à gauche de chaque cellule de code décrit l’état de la cellule :</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: left;"><code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[</span> <span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">]:</span></code><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">signifie que la cellule n’a pas encore été exécutée.</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: left;"><code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[*]:</span></code><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">signifie que la cellule est en cours d’exécution.</span></p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px; text-align: left;"><code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[1]:</span></code><span style="color: #000000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">signifie que la cellule a fini de fonctionner et qu’elle était la première cellule exécutée.</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Parfois, le code que vous exécutez dans une cellule prend du temps à calculer parce qu’il charge un grand ensemble de données ou effectue des calculs complexes. Vous remarquerez le numéro qui apparaît à côté de la cellule. Avant l’exécution de la cellule, vous verrez le symbole<span> </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[</span> <span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">]</span></code><span> qui signifie que la cellule n’a pas encore été exécutée. Pendant qu’une cellule est en cours d’exécution, le symbole </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[*]</span></code><span> apparaît et une fois l’exécution terminée, vous verrez un nombre représentant le nombre de cellules en cours d’exécution, par exemple </span><code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[4]</span></code><span>. </span>Cela vous permet de garder une trace des cellules qui ont été exécutées et de leur ordre relatif.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;"><span><strong>Note:</strong> </span>Pour vérifier si une cellule est en cours d’exécution dans un notebook Jupyter, inspectez le petit cercle en haut à droite de la fenêtre. Le cercle devient noir (« Kernel busy ») lorsque la cellule est en cours d’exécution, et redevient blanc (« Kernel idle ») lorsque le processus est terminé.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Considérons ce programme Python. Ici, nous avons décidé d’appeler notre variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span></code>.</p>
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<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 12px; overflow: auto;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span> <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">1</span>
<span class="nb" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008000;">print</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(</span><span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">)</span>
<span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span> <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">=</span> <span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span> <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">+</span> <span class="mi" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">1</span>
<span class="nb" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008000;">print</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(</span><span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">)</span>
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<p style="text-align: left;">Nous pouvons décomposer ce programme et exécuter chaque ligne en utilisant des cellules séparées.</p>
<p style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">Note:</strong> Python est sensible aux lettres minuscules ou majuscules. La variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span></code> n’est pas la même que <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">A</span></code>.</p>
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<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border: none; box-shadow: none; background: none; color: #307fc1;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-shadow: none; background: none;"></span>[4]:
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<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 5px; overflow: auto; border: none; box-shadow: none;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span> <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">1</span>
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<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border: none; box-shadow: none; background: none; color: #307fc1;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-shadow: none; background: none;"></span>[5]:
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<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 5px; overflow: auto; border: none; box-shadow: none;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="nb" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #008000;">print</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">(</span><span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span><span class="p" style="box-sizing: border-box;">)</span>
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<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border: none; box-shadow: none; background: none; color: #307fc1;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-shadow: none; background: none;"></span>[6]:
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<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 5px; overflow: auto; border: none; box-shadow: none;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span> <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">=</span> <span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span> <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">+</span> <span class="mi" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">1</span>
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<p style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 24px; font-size: 16px; color: #000000; text-align: left;">Si vous exécutez à nouveau la première cellule <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span></code> vous verrez qu’elle renvoie <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</span></code>, la valeur mise à jour. C’est ce qu’on appelle « l’état global », et cela signifie qu’une fois qu’une variable est déclarée, elle est accessible partout dans le notebook, même dans les cellules situées au-dessus de celle où elle a été déclarée. Ceci est différent des programmes traditionnels qui s’exécutent séquentiellement, ligne par ligne, du haut vers le bas. Cela peut être déroutant au début, mais gardez un œil sur le nombre entre les parenthèses <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 12px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[</span> <span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">]</span></code> pour voir l’ordre d’exécution des cellules.</p>
<p style="text-align: left;">Cela signifie également que vous pouvez modifier tout le code dans les cellules et les exécuter autant de fois que vous le souhaitez, dans n’importe quel ordre. Vous pouvez faire des allers-retours pour mettre à jour les variables ou relancer l’analyse.</p>
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<h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 20px; color: #336699; text-align: left;">1.1 Remplissez la ligne de l’astérisque avec votre nom et exécutez la cellule.</h3>
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<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 5px; overflow: auto; border: none; box-shadow: none;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="c1" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #408080; font-style: italic;"># Remplissez ****** par votre nom et exécutez la cellule.</span>
<span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">message</span> <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">=</span> <span class="s2" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #ba2121;">"My name is ******"</span>
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<h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 20px; color: #336699; text-align: left;">1.2 Vous pouvez ajouter de nouvelles cellules pour insérer du nouveau code à n’importe quel endroit d’un cahier. Cliquez sur l’icône <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">+</span></code> dans le menu supérieur pour ajouter une nouvelle cellule sous la cellule actuelle. Ajoutez une nouvelle cellule sous la cellule suivante, et utilisez-la pour imprimer la valeur de la variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 15px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span></code>.</h3>
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<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border: none; box-shadow: none; background: none; color: #307fc1;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; box-shadow: none; background: none;"></span>[ ]:
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<div class="input_area highlight-ipython3 notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; flex: 1 1 0%; overflow: auto; border: 1px solid #e0e0e0; border-radius: 2px;">
<div class="highlight" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: #f8f8f8; border: none; overflow: auto hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; box-shadow: none; text-align: left;">
<pre style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre; line-height: 1.4; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 5px; overflow: auto; border: none; box-shadow: none;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"></span><span class="n" style="box-sizing: border-box;">a</span> <span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">=</span> <span class="mi" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">365</span><span class="o" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">*</span><span class="mi" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #666666;">24</span>
<span class="c1" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #408080; font-style: italic;"># </span>Ajoutez une nouvelle cellule en dessous de celle-ci. Utilise-la pour calculer la valeur de la variable `a`
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<div style="box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left;"><strong>Question</strong>: Maintenant, que se passe-t-il si vous remontez dans le notebook et exécutez une autre cellule contenant <code class="docutils literal notranslate" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', 'Courier New', Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: nowrap; max-width: 100%; background-image: initial; background-color: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e1e4e5; padding: 2px 5px; color: #e74c3c; overflow-x: auto;"><span class="pre" style="box-sizing: border-box;">print(a)</span></code>?</div>
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